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Kwartalnik Edukacja numer 04/2025

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DOI: 10.24131/3724.250401

Abstract

Health pedagogy in Poland developed in close connection with social, cultural, and systemic changes, treating health not only as a biological value, but also as a psychological, educational, axiological, and social category. Today, it is an interdisciplinary subdiscipline that studies the psychological and socio-environmental determinants of health and disease and identifies educational and preventive measures for various social groups, taking into account physical, mental, emotional, social, and spiritual well-being. This article presents a brief historical overview of health education in Poland – from early activities in the field of hygiene education and disease prevention to contemporary concepts of multidimensional health education. Next, the inclusion of the psychological determinants of health is proposed, with particular emphasis on resilience, and supports the development of upbringing and educational methods. Finally, a conceptual model of resilience and health is presented, integrating various dimensions of an individual's functioning in a psychosocial context. 

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resilience health pedagogy health social prevention

DOI: 10.24131/3724.250402

Abstract

The economic difficulties faced by African countries may have been significantly exacerbated by the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused significant disruptions to student learning across the world. In this study, we estimate the relationship between human capital, measured through Harmonized Learning Outcomes, and GDP per capita in African countries based on available historical data. Our estimations indicate that a one standard deviation increase in human capital is associated with roughly a 400 point increase in GDP per capita, with statistical significance found both for primary and secondary school achievements in the educational domains of mathematics and reading. Given the evidence from the literature on the significant economic and educational impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, this could translate into an economic loss, estimated as being between 70 and 330 US dollars per capita in African countries. We highlight the need for reliable and consistent estimations of school performance in the continent. 

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COVID-19 learning loss African countries